Tag Archive for: poverty

Poor


‘Portugal is becoming a country of minimum wages’

Joana Gonçalves is 47 years old and works for 20 years as an operating assistant at the same hospital. Last year she earned 665 euros per month, just as much as the minimum wage. Deducting € 103,08 for Social Security and adding a food allowance of € 81.09, her net salary was 643,01 euros. Fifteen years ago Ana earned € 580, while the minimum wage was 430 euros. In the meantime, salaries have been frozen as a result of austerity measures while minimum wages increased. Her daughter Maria had to drop out of university because Joana had no longer money to support her. Maria is now cleaning in a supermarket.


Minimum wages in the EU member states range from € 332 per month in Bulgaria to  € 2257 euros in Luxembourg. Since the Socialist Government of António Costa seized power in 2015, the minimum wage has increased by 40% to € 705 this year. Average salaries, however, have only increased 10% during the same period.




‘This neglect to update the salaries of more qualified workers has caused strong distortions in the country. Nowadays more and more workers receive a salary very close to the minimum wage’, says economist Eugénio Rosa, advisor to the Confederation of Portuguese Workers (CGTP). ‘Portugal is transforming into a country of minimum wages’.


The IEFP (Institute of Employment and Professional Training) proves the point. Of the 150 job vacancies on its site – aimed at civil engineers, electro technicians, mechanics, etc – the majority of salaries offered vary between €750 and €1000.


‘But it’s anything but easy to get out of this trap’, explains Fernando Alexandre, professor at the School of Economics from the University of Minho in Braga.


‘Not only is our minimum wage one of the lowest in Europe, our country was last year one of the EU countries with the lowest Gross Domestic Product (GDP) per capita, the country’s wealth-producing capacity per worker. Only Bulgaria was doing worse’.  


To make matters worse, the pandemic has condemned hundreds of thousands of Portuguese into poverty. These ‘new poor’ are almost all people who already earned a minimum wage – or even less – before the pandemic. Workers in the tourism sector, restaurants, and hospitality were most hit by the restrictions to contain the pandemic. Women – especially the elderly – are among the most affected.


The bottom line is that today one in five Portuguese is at risk of poverty. In children, the risk is even greater (22%). Food banks have become indispensable. There are more than 2000 institutions – parishes and councils identifying the populations’ needs – which have partnerships with the 21 food banks that are feeding approximately 450.000 persons (4% of the population).



Enjoy your week                   Aproveite a semana               (pic Público/Sapo)





















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Poverty-related

‘If it were ever to rain soup, the poor would only have forks’ – Brazilian proverb

Poverty and disease go hand in hand, not only in so-called developing countries but also in more affluent societies.

‘The fact that 20% of the population has limited access to healthy food – due to financial constraints – has serious consequences’, says Helena Canhão, investigator at the Health Science Faculty of the New University of Lisbon.
‘A poor people’s diet of cheap and fast food leads to obesity and diabetes.’

Obesity is Portugal’s biggest Public Health problem [zwaargewichten].
More than half of the population is too heavy, 75% of the elderly and nearly a third of all children.
Obesity is more common in the poor and rural parts of the country, in particular the Alentejo province.

People with primary school only are 3 times more often obese than higher educated people, who are not only better informed, but also earn more and can afford a healthy diet with fresh nutrients.

‘That social inequality has an impact on health is beyond doubt.
People who have access to a Mediterranean diet are socially more privileged’, says Pedro Graça, director of the National Program for the Promotion of Healthy Nutrition.

The average Portuguese eats for two, meaning almost 4000 calories per person per day!
Not only is this far too much, the quality of food is also poor. It contains three times the recommended amount of meat, fish and eggs and only half the amount of vegetables.

And although Portuguese cherish their daily bowl of soup, it is often too salty. Moreover, the intake of alcohol and soda is considerable. Nearly a quarter of all men and at least 10% of women drink too much and half the population consumes soft drinks on a daily basis.

As a result of the obesity epidemic diabetes is very common and Portugal even has the highest prevalence of diabetes in Europe. One in every 7 citizens is affected and 25% of the people – who die in hospital – have diabetes. The risk to get the disease is four times higher in people, who haven’t completed primary school – a number twice as high in Portugal, than elsewhere in Europe.

‘We are wasting our money on the wrong side’, says Luis Correia, head of the Diabetes Observatory. Treatment of diabetes now devours 12% of our national health budget. It would be much cheaper to prevent the disease instead.’

BOM FIM DE SEMANA                                                    (photos Observador/SAPO)

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Armoede

Veertig jaar na de Anjerrevolutie lijden in Portugal nog steeds mensen honger omdat ze gewoon te weinig te eten hebben   [ De Armen (Os Pobres), Maria Mónica, 2016 ]  

“Ik heb honger, heeft u alstublieft een euro voor me”? De man, die me voor de Milleniumbank in het centrum van Lissabon aanspreekt lijkt een jaar of vijftig.
Hij heeft een lang, vaalbleek, ongeschoren gezicht. Op zijn hoofd een klein, zwart mutsje waaronder een paar vettige haren als lange, dunne wormen hun weg naar buiten zoeken. Zijn vuile, versleten kleren zijn hun oorspronkelijk kleur al lang vergeten. Toen ik zijn intens droeve ogen zag, trok ik mijn portemonnee en gaf
hem zijn euro.

Aalmoes geven?
Maar had ik hem dat geld wel moeten geven? Een vervelend reactionair stemmetje in mijn hoofd zeurde dat ik dat helemaal niet had moeten doen. De man was vast een werkschuwe oplichter, met een dikke Mercedes om de hoek van de straat.
Het dominante, linkse deel van mijn hersenen herinnerde me er bovendien aan, dat structurele werkeloosheid en armoede weliswaar noodzakelijke bijwerkingen van het kapitalistische systeem zijn, maar dat beschaafde landen dat oplossen met sociale voorzieningen voor mensen zoals hij. En om die euro nu uit te boeken als teken van naastenliefde ging me – als ongelovige – wel wat erg ver.

20% van de Portugezen leeft onder de armoedegrens

Sinds de straffe bezuinigingsmaatregelen, die Portugal tussen 2011 en 2014 door de Trojka ( Europese Commissie, Europese Centrale Bank en IMF) kreeg opgelegd, komt armoede bij een aanzienlijk deel van de werkende bevolking voor. Vooral het aantal arme werknemers – die zo weinig verdienen dat ze hun gezin niet fatsoenlijk te eten kunnen geven – is de laatste jaren sterk toegenomen in een land waar het minimumloon 505 euro per maand bedraagt.
Terwijl 20% van de bevolking onder de armoedegrens leeft, steeg het aantal Portugese miljonairs het afgelopen jaar met 1300. De verwachting is dat dit laatste
de komende jaren alleen maar verder zal toenemen.

 

Geniet van het weekend   –   Tenha um ótimo fim de semana !

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